AD 1 to AD 1099 (continued)

Literature

Metamorphoses. Ovid. Roman. AD 8. Figures of myth, legend and history, from the creation through Julius Caesar to Augustus.

Society

AD 9. The Battle of Teutoburger Wald (forest) permanently secures the independence of the Teutonic tribes and establishes the Rhine as the boundary between Latin and German territories.

AD 33. Jesus of Nazareth crucified, probably April 3.

Literature

New Testament. Matthew. Unique in tracing Christ's ancestry back through David and Abraham. Emphasizes Jesus as the Messiah. Probably written for Jewish readers. Most complete account of the sayings of Jesus. Mark is more a narrative of actions. Written in Greek. Does not seem to be an eyewitness account. Some evidence that the author drew on the accounts of Mark and Luke.

New Testament. Mark. Earliest account of Christ's life? Missionary companion of Barnabas, Peter, Paul? John the Baptist, Christ's baptism, miracles and teachings, denial by Peter, mockery of Jesus, the Crucifixion, resurrection, ascension to heaven; sources of the gospels of Matthew and Luke.

New Testament. Luke. Greek physician and painter; also author of Acts of the Apostles. John the Baptist, birth, ministry in Galilee, journey to Jerusalem. Crucifixion, resurrection, ascension. High literary merit.

New Testament. John. Most spiritual account of Jesus' life. Meaning of his life and death. Less emphasis on recounting events. Emphasis on the Incarnation. Truly man and God. Betrayal by Judas, crucifixion, resurrection.

New Testament. Acts of the Apostles. Earliest history of the Christian church. Begins with the Ascension. Ends with the imprisonment of St. Paul. Author was Luke? Preachings and evenst in lives of the apostles, especially Peter and Paul. Emphasis on Christianity as a universal religion, not restricted to Jews.

New Testament. Paul to the Romans. Profound exposition of the nature of Christianity. Christianity is the religion of the whole world with roots in the prophetic religion of the Jews.

New Testament. Paul to the Corinthians. Greek cit of Corinth. Worldly, licentious atmosphere of the city. Internal dissension. First-century Christians' problems with the Pagan world. Discussion of Christian love.

New Testament. Paul to the Galatians. Defense of Paul's authority. Received the Gospel directly from God, not from the 12 Apostles. Universality of the Christian faith.

New Testament. Paul to the Ephesians. God's plan to unite all humanity in Jesus. The Church's role in working of the plan. Probably written by someone else.

New Testament. Paul to the Philippians. Letter of thanks and encouragement. Encourages those facing persecution. Joy, sense of triumph, the strength of Paul's faith.

New Testament. Paul to the Colossians. Written while in prison. Difficult to reconstruct the doctrine he was fighting. People felt the need to propitiate spirits, controlling fates, powers. Affirms the importance of mystic visions. Circumcision is a prerequisite for salvation.